Many international players are investing in Europe’s battery production capacity. From Tesla over CATL to Samsung. But European players are keeping up, leading to a total announced production capacity of up to 1,000 GWh/a for LiB cells. Cell manufacturing alone requires approx. EUR 50 bn in CAPEX – but to develop and built the upstream parts of the supply chain, another EUR 50 bn to EUR 80 bn CAPEX are needed.